The survey of student tendency to drug abuse in secondary schools in Esan North East Local Government Area of Edo Estate pdf

ABSTRACT

The study uses a functional perspective to examine the reason students cite for using psychoactive substance. The study sample comprises of five secondary schools in Edo state. Using the sampling techniques, data and percentage frequency on intense use of alcohol, Indian hemp, cocaine, heroine, depressant are presented. A majority of the students had used at least one of these to fulfill different measures. The most common measures used were to overcome shyness, pear group influence, to relax and to enhance activities. Recognition of the functions fulfilled by substance use should help health educators and prevention strategies to make health message about drug more relevant and appropriate to general and specific audience. Targeting substances that are perceived to fulfill similar function and addressing issues concerning the substitution of one substance for another may also strengthen educators on prevention efforts. 

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

        The survey of student tendency to drug abuse is well known phenomenon. Although the degree and frequency may vary from country to country to country and in spite of this variation there is a general agreement that the abuse of drug by our future leaders is posing condemned by all and sundry including the federal, state and local government among adolescent and even adults to abuse drug of various types. Hence, campaigns are currently being carried out by various individuals, religious groups, private bodies, government and foreign agencies through the use of mass media, public enlightenment seminar and symposia against drug abuse yet the obnoxious practices doesn’t seem to be aborting especially among secondary schools student. Although life is seen to be fragile so it demands to be handled with care and not to be treated with levity. For this reason, health educators and personnel often engage in campaign and enlightenment of the perils of drug abuse. The excessive consumption could lead to drug addiction on the other hand could be seen as a situation whereby excessive intake of drug interferes with the health, economic and social functioning of the individual (ANDROW I ISEGUAN 2004, NWOLI 2007) defines drug as a “substance that by the chemical nature affects the structure or function of the organism. Thomas Aibbe 2006 also defined drug abuse as taking of drug without medical advice or direction. The use of alcohol and other substances constitutes one of the most important risk taking behavior among adolescent and young adults in secondary schools despite the world wide concern on education about psychoactive substances, many adolescent and youth in our secondary schools today have limited awareness of the adverse consequences. Most youth in our secondary schools who find themselves started by experimenting with the so called gateway drugs such as tobacco, alcohol, marijuana.

Although the survey of student tendency to drug abuse among secondary schools is a global problem for instance, in American study drug or substances use rate of 19.6% between the ages of 18 – 20years. Marijuana is the most commonly used substances and then tobacco follows. Further study has also reviewed that most organs of the body can be destroyed for example; the heart, the liver, the kidney, lungs and brains which are the most centre of perceiving and stimuli (Amumoye 2009) (Odejioe 2004). They went further that victims of drug abuse find it difficult to cope with his/her academic performance as well as other social activities. This shows that peer group among student have some influences on the individual involvement in the act of drug abuse. The consequences have been poor grades in academic performance as well as exhibition of aggressive tendencies which leads to violent act like suicide attempt, rape, theft, armed robbery, juvenile act, expulsion from school and these student letters become social misfit among members of the society.

        Criminal tendency sometimes arise as a result of drug abuse. It has been documented that such involvement is more common with the youth and in line with Udol’s(2005) assertion between age brackets 21-30 as revealed by Ekpo(2003) are at the greatest risk. Normally, drug which ranges from over the counter to the ethical types are prescribed by qualified medical doctors based on the history and the present nature of certain specific ailment. The prescribed drugs are meant to cure or alleviate the ailment with no or very little controllable side effect.

        School survey conducted in different parts of the country shows that alcohol is the most common substance being used by Nigeria youth and PELA 2005; OSHODIN 2003)  similarly NEVADOMKEY (2004) carried out a survey on the pattern of drug used among 484 randomly selected secondary school student in Warri and Efunrun, Delta State of Nigeria. He found out that 66% of boys and girls already have experience with alcohol. The international council of drug and addiction (ICAA) carried out a survey in 2006 on the content of drug abuse among secondary school students in old Bendel State now Edo state and Delta state Nigeria. The result of the study also shows that alcohol was the most commonly abused substance. A drug is said to be commonly abused when it is immensely consumed without the concern for side effect. ELSERBERG (2002) defined drug abuse as the chronic excessive use of drug that definitely impair social and vocational entrenched in a problem and student may become indecisive  especially in issues that affect their well being. Dalatunde 2005 Mecoa 2007; Anumoye 2008; Odigide 2001; new comb et al 2003) individual engaged in drug abuse are also prone to accidents of different kinds.

        Despite the obnoxious tendency to drug abuse in secondary in Nigerian and other parts of the world, more vigorously public education on drug related crime are highly needed to contain this infectious malady.

Statement of the Problem

        The survey of student tendency to drug abuse in secondary schools in Esan North West Local Government of Edo State has become an embarrassing phenomenon to schools and government administration. Drug abuse in this group of persons is indeed a psychosocial problem borne by the Nigeria environment. It is generally known that societies are fixed with numerous problems and challenges in like manner; institutions found in such societies are engulfed by such societal problem and therefore, the student in Esan North West Local Government of Edo State who constitute of fraction of the leaders of tomorrow and are no exception to the problem of drug abuse. In view of these causes, such illicit drug use can go a long way to help drug victims, families, schools and government administration to proffer final solution to this deadly game. Teachers in secondary schools have observed with dismay and regret the non charllant attitude of some student towards their studies. It is no news this day to hear student bully other students and even some of them fighting their teachers. Most schools are experiencing one form of disturbances/demonstration or the other. Such sporadic violent behaviors exhibited by students are mostly carried out on the influence of drug. The issue of drug abuse was generated a lot of debates among parents, teachers, government administrators, health educators, health personnel and so many questions has been raised as follows:

1.          Are the students involved in illicit drug use aware of it implications?

2.          What are the efforts of the federal government to review policies which allows the indiscriminate sales of deadly  drugs

3.          How often are drug education Programme organized in Nigeria secondary schools.

4.          How many health educators or guidance are  there in each of the secondary schools in Nigeria

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study is:

1.          To examine why student abuse drugs.

2.          To identify the drugs commonly used by students.

3.          To determine what gender abuse drug more the other.

4.          To ascertain how through counseling the rate of drug abuse can be reduced in our secondary schools.

Research Question

1.          What reason can you proffer for using drugs?

2.          What are the drugs commonly used by students?

3.          What gender abuse drug more then the other?

4.          To what extent can counseling be used to reduce drug abuse among students in secondary schools?

Significant of the study

This project is important for the following reasons.

        Firstly, it will help the parents to understand the drugs commonly abused by students in secondary schools and why they abuse them. This will help the parents to adopt a better strategy in joining the fight against drug abuse among secondary school children.

        Secondly, the mass media will have more knowledge in the nature and impact of drug abuse among secondary school students. This will help them adopt a more sophisticated approach in using the mass media to discourage secondary school students from indiscriminate taking of drugs.

        Thirdly, education administrators in Esan North West Local Government areas will understand to a large extent how drug abuse has contributed to recent indiscipline and decline in student performance and perhaps adopt a better method to check this ugly tend.

        Lastly, the larger society has been handicapped about the rising incidence of drug abuse. This study will identify those drugs that are commonly abused and how it has contributed to the falling standard in education. Besides the rising cases of youth indiscipline in the larger society, it will highlight how counseling can help reduce this problem to it barest minimum.

Scope of the Study

        The scope of this study is limited to five secondary schools in Esan North West Local Government Area of Edo State for an accurate finding on the survey of student tendency to drug abuse which will cover senior secondary schools I, II, III including single sex schools, mixed school whether boding or day.

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